据烃加工网站11月16日报道 意大利已经为国家氢能战略制定了指导方针，以帮助经济脱碳，同时逐步淘汰煤炭，提高可再生能源产量，以实现长期气候目标。

在一份名为《国家氢能战略初步指南》的文件草案中，工业部表示，到2030年，该行业的投资目标约为100亿欧元（120亿美元），其中一半来自欧洲基金和私人投资。

文件称，为了帮助提高“绿色”氢的产量，在这段时间内，将引进约5吉瓦的电解能力，从水中提取天然气。

如果所用的电力来自可再生能源，那么电解是一种无碳工艺。目前氢主要是从化石燃料或其他碳排放过程中产生，因为电解由于需要大量的电力而过于昂贵。

文件称，到2030年，氢气将占意大利最终能源需求的2%，并有助于消除多达800万吨的二氧化碳。报告称，随着该行业规模的扩大和成本的下降，到2050年，这一比例可能会达到20%。

该文件一经公布，将成为最终氢战略获批（可能在明年初）之前进行磋商的基础。

布鲁塞尔制定了今年的计划，在2050年实现零排放的同时推广氢气。法国、德国和西班牙已经制定了自己的目标。

如今，氢燃料对于广泛使用来说过于昂贵，但随着成本的下降，世界各国政府将其视为在电气化并非一个简单解决方案的地区替代化石燃料。

该部文件称，这些计划可创造20多万个就业机会，为意大利国内生产总值创造高达270亿欧元的收入，并称氢气可用于交通运输、重工业和天然气管道。

意大利天然气集团斯纳姆一直在其部分天然气网络中尝试混合10%的氢气，而意大利国家电力公司和能源巨头埃尼都有氢气计划。

王磊 摘译自 烃加工

原文如下：

Italy drafts guidelines for national hydrogen strategy

Italy has set out guidelines for a national hydrogen strategy to help decarbonize the economy as it phases out coal and boosts renewable energy production to meet long-term climate targets.

In a draft document called National Hydrogen Strategy Preliminary Guidelines, the Industry Ministry said it was targeting investments in the sector of around 10 billion euros ($12 billion) to 2030, with half of the amount coming from European funds and private investments.

To help boost production of “green” hydrogen, about 5 gigawatts of electrolysis capacity to extract the gas from water would be introduced over the period, the document said.

Electrolysis can be a carbon-free process if the power used is generated from renewables. Hydrogen is now mostly produced from fossil fuels or other carbon emitting processes, as electrolysis is too expensive due to the amount of power needed.

By 2030 hydrogen could make up 2% of Italy’s final energy demand and help eliminate up to 8 million tons of CO2, the document said. As the industry scales up and costs fall, this could reach up to 20% by 2050, it said.

The document, when published, will become a basis for consultation before a final hydrogen strategy is approved, possibly early next year.

Brussels mapped out its plans this year to promote hydrogen as it strives for net zero emissions by 2050. France, Germany, and Spain have already set out their own targets.

Hydrogen today is too expensive for widespread use but as costs fall governments round the world see it as a replacement for fossil fuel in areas where electrification is not an easy solution.

The ministry document, which said the plans could create more than 200,000 jobs and generate up to 27 billion euros for Italy’s gross domestic product, said hydrogen could be used in transport, heavy industry and natural gas pipelines.

Italian gas group Snam has been experimenting with a 10% mix of hydrogen in part of its natural gas network, while utility Enel and energy major Eni both have hydrogen plans.